The article throws light on the Yugoslav policy of non-alignment and describes the diverse contexts of exchange and contact which contributed to the emergence of non-European museum collections during that time. It outlines the appearance and activities of the Museum of Non-European Cultures in Goričane, which was founded in 1964 as a separate unit of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum, analysing in particular the practices involved in the collection of non-European objects and collections. The article concludes that the foundation and activities of this museum unit were connected with the then policy and principles of the Non-Aligned Movement.