Slovenski etnografski muzej - life stories https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog-kljucne-besede/life-stories en Personal narratives of lives in Egypt and at home https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-2016/osebne-zgodbe-o-zivljenju-v-egiptu-in-doma <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-26-2016">Etnolog 26 (2016)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-2016/osebne-zgodbe-o-zivljenju-v-egiptu-in-doma">Personal narratives of lives in Egypt and at home </a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Personal narratives of lives in Egypt and at home </h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-26-2016">Etnolog 26 (2016)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">031-048</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Daša Koprivec</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Goriška</span><span class="value">aleksandrinke</span><span class="value">Egypt</span><span class="value">children of the aleksandrinke</span><span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">emigration</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/koprivec_osebne_0.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=146702">koprivec_osebne.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>The article presents personal stories of aleksandrinke and their children about life in Egypt and at home. The reasons why the aleksandrinke went to Egypt were very different and ranged from economic to emotional ones. Living in Cairo or Alexandria as wet nurses, nannies, chambermaids, or companions they acquired a variety of skills, from learning foreign languages to child education. This broadened their horizon considerably and those who returned home after many years of living in Egypt found it hard to re-adapt to the domestic environment. Some aleksandrinke were joined in Egypt by their children, less often their husbands. When they married in Egypt, it was mostly to a non-Slovene. Many children of the aleksandrinke emigrated to Australia or Canada in the 1950s.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_1"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- if(window.da2a)da2a.script_load(); //--><!]]> </script></span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-2016/osebne-zgodbe-o-zivljenju-v-egiptu-in-doma" title="Osebne zgodbe o življenju v Egiptu in doma" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Tue, 28 Feb 2017 10:01:42 +0000 admin 40609 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Field work between "Not an ethnologist, not again" and "Fanny's gone" https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/field-work-between-not-an-ethnologist-not-again-and-fannys-gone <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004">Etnolog 14 (2004)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/field-work-between-not-an-ethnologist-not-again-and-fannys-gone">Field work between &quot;Not an ethnologist, not again&quot; and &quot;Fanny&#039;s gone&quot;</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Field work between &quot;Not an ethnologist, not again&quot; and &quot;Fanny&#039;s gone&quot;</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004">Etnolog 14 (2004)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">063-072</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Magda Peršič</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">emotions</span><span class="value">empathy</span><span class="value">ethics</span><span class="value">field diary</span><span class="value">life stories</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_14_Persic_Etnologa.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=75195">0354-0316_14_Persic_Etnologa.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Based on experiences from field and museum work, the article draws attention, from an emotional as well as ethical viewpoint, to some issues or conflicting situations which we regularly encounter as humans and as ethnologists. The article also directs attention to the usefulness of a field diary to analyse the researcher’s empathic attitude towards the narrators in practical research, especially that of life stories. From the point of view of overcoming personal emotions and ethical principles in the attitude to one’s discipline and its ethics, the article focuses on the empathic attitude towards the biography of a (museum) object in its physical and ideological context, in the sense of a source and object of study as well as a carrier of society’s and an individual’s memory.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_2"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/etnologa-pa-ne-ali-francke-pa-ni-vec" title="&quot;Etnologa pa ne&quot; ali &quot; Francke (pa) ni več&quot;" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sun, 18 Apr 2010 23:55:19 +0000 admin 1020 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Emotions in the stories of narrators from Kozjansko https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/emotions-in-the-stories-of-narrators-from-kozjansko <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004">Etnolog 14 (2004)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/emotions-in-the-stories-of-narrators-from-kozjansko">Emotions in the stories of narrators from Kozjansko</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Emotions in the stories of narrators from Kozjansko</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004">Etnolog 14 (2004)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">093-105</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Jasna Sok</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">narrators</span><span class="value">field experiences</span><span class="value">interview</span><span class="value">emotions</span><span class="value">trust</span><span class="value">silence</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_14_Sok_Custva.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=82589">0354-0316_14_Sok_Custva.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>The article focuses on reflections which accompany the activities of collecting, transcribing, classifying and analysing material for the presentation of the way of living of families from Kozjansko from the first half of the 20th century. Because the work is based on the analysis of life stories, the articles discusses numerous dilemmas which the authors of researches based on the analysis of life stories encounter. The article further presents some personal experiences and how they helped searching for the truth. The reflections draw attention to the complex process which accompanies research work, an activity from which emotions can hardly be excluded.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_3"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-14-2004/custva-v-pripovedih-pripovedovalcev-in-pripovedovalk-s-kozjanskega" title="Čustva v pripovedih pripovedovalcev in pripovedovalk s Kozjanskega" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Fri, 16 Apr 2010 23:55:19 +0000 admin 1024 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Zbiranje življenjskih zgodb v slovenski etnologiji https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-10-2000/zbiranje-zivljenjskih-zgodb-v-slovenski-etnologiji <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-10-2000">Etnolog 10 (2000)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-10-2000/zbiranje-zivljenjskih-zgodb-v-slovenski-etnologiji">Zbiranje življenjskih zgodb v slovenski etnologiji</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Zbiranje življenjskih zgodb v slovenski etnologiji</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-10-2000">Etnolog 10 (2000)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">029-041</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Mojca Ramšak</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Slovenia</span><span class="value">ethnology</span><span class="value">biographical method</span><span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">peasants</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_10_ramsak_zbiranje.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=182658">0354-0316_10_ramsak_zbiranje.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>The article deals with the use of the (auto)biographical method in Slovene ethnology , focusing on authors who collect and analyse life stories in a manner which makes the contents of the stories the subject of the research, not just the research method. This means that the biographical material is treated as a primary source and that other literature has an auxiliary function. The approach reveals that there is no consistent line of development or systematic institutional collectimg and researching of life stories in Slovene ethnology: with the exception of the already mentioned cases life stories are treated as a secondary and not as a primary source.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_4"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-10-2000/zbiranje-zivljenjskih-zgodb-v-slovenski-etnologiji" title="Zbiranje življenjskih zgodb v slovenski etnologiji" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sun, 15 Feb 2009 23:55:03 +0000 admin 825 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Berači in odnos do njih na avstrijskem Koroškem v prvi polovici 20. stoletja https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/beraci-in-odnos-do-njih-na-avstrijskem-koroskem-v-prvi-polovici-20-stoletja <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002">Etnolog 12 (2002)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/beraci-in-odnos-do-njih-na-avstrijskem-koroskem-v-prvi-polovici-20-stoletja">Berači in odnos do njih na avstrijskem Koroškem v prvi polovici 20. stoletja</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Berači in odnos do njih na avstrijskem Koroškem v prvi polovici 20. stoletja</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002">Etnolog 12 (2002)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">081-089</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Mojca Ramšak</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">ethnology</span><span class="value">Carinthian Slovenes</span><span class="value">beggars</span><span class="value">life stories</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_12_Ramsak_Beraci.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=75483">0354-0316_12_Ramsak_Beraci.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>In the collection "The way we lived - Life Stories of Carinthian Slovenes" (1993–1997) the narrators referred to idleness in their memories of village characters (beggars, paupers). These were people who, in most cases, were not responsible for their condition, but lived materially and socially on the margin, or were excluded in other ways because of their age or because they were crippled.&#13;</p> <p><strong>Summary</strong><br /> In the narrow sense of the word, beggars and homeless people were unmarried, poor people with no family ties, who lived a specific vagrant life, which meant that they lived in destitution and had no permanent domicile or job; quite often they were physically infirm and needed help. Some wandered from place to place in Carinthia, while others were village poor. The concept of beggars and homeless people embodied different material conditions, social relations, privacy, emotional and physical feelings.<br /> A more or less secret sphere of reality was the fact that there were also poor and homeless women. It was long believed that women were not affected by such conditions, because they were attributed to men`s impetuous nature and their vagabond streak. To be homeless was improper for a woman, and everything improper was hidden. The traditional views of homelessness derived from the prevailing sexual ideologies, and they discerned two groups of homeless people according to the reasons for their condition. Men were held to have become vagrants because they had failed in their occupation, and this failure was connected with their inability to provide for a family. Women, on the other hand, were thought to have become homeless because, among others, they could not cope with the roles of mothers and wives. According to the life stories, most of the beggars in Carinthia were men, but the narrators remembered that women were by no means exceptions. Women whose condition was close to that of beggars and the homeless used an informal network, through which they arranged for themselves a more or less temporary place to stay, and this makes them appear as a secondary group of homeless people in the village`s collective awareness and in the life stories.<br /> The narrators of the life stories generally remembered the homeless by their nicknames or house names - e.g. Vodnikov ©iman, Pvavčev Rokej, Pekov Anza, Tomova Mica, Grosova Jera, Tinja, Smodl, Rebrc, etc. - not by their real names and surnames. The nicknames usually denoted something that was special about them. In the cases mentioned in the life stories, these names exclusively referred to the house they belonged to in the past, or the trade carried out in that house, or to the (present) status of a beggar or vagrant – that is to a person who belonged only to himself.<br /> Though people responded to the pleas of beggars in different ways, they usually showed compassion. They fed them, washed them, cut their hair, deloused them, and gave them clothes (that is, if they had any to give away), burned the lice and the beggar`s rags, and let them stay overnight – in the barn in summer or in the stable in winter, and only rarely in the house, because they were afraid to get lice from them. When a beggar came to the house on a holiday, he was usually allowed to stay a or two longer. The festive days of the patron saints of churches were the best opportunities for begging and beggars wandered to the churches from far away, even from the other side of the Karavanke. On some big farms it was customary for beggars and children to have a special place in the entrance, though seated at separate tables, and the beggars could eat their fill of (almost) the same dishes as the other guests. Occasionally, they were also given money, usually a groschen, and flour and fat by the spoon, because people were short of either in those times. Beggars carried all their belongings in a bundle, and they died of old-age infirmity or other diseases. After the Second World War, they were no longer beggars, because they were given social, pension, accident, and care insurance.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_5"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/beraci-in-odnos-do-njih-na-avstrijskem-koroskem-v-prvi-polovici-20-stoletja" title="Berači in odnos do njih na avstrijskem Koroškem v prvi polovici 20. stoletja" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sat, 14 Feb 2009 23:55:10 +0000 admin 921 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Zgodbe z obrobja https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/zgodbe-z-obrobja <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001">Etnolog 11 (2001)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/zgodbe-z-obrobja">Zgodbe z obrobja</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Zgodbe z obrobja</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001">Etnolog 11 (2001)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">091-126</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Mojca Ramšak</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">ethnology</span><span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">Carinthia</span><span class="value">women</span><span class="value">work</span><span class="value">children</span><span class="value">pregnant women</span><span class="value">young mothers</span><span class="value">death</span><span class="value">babies</span><span class="value">care</span><span class="value">motherhood</span><span class="value">sexual education</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_11_ramsak_zgodbe.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=176225">0354-0316_11_ramsak_zgodbe.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>The article analyses the memories published in the collection The way we lived - life stories of Carinthian Slovenes 1-5 (Klagenfurt 1993-1997). The author dedicates special attention to the sexual and spatial division of labour, pregnancy, delivery, pregnant women`s work, motherhood, children, child care and sexual education. These themes are, however, not discussed in the symbolical language of beliefs, traditions and customs, but in the actual language of the contemporary living conditions.&#13;</p> <p><strong>Summary</strong><br /><strong>Stories from the fringes: the role of Carinthian countryside women in the first half of the 20th century</strong>&#13;</p> <p>The article starts with an analysis of the ideas and memories about the role of people in different working conditions and about the division of labour between sexes. Women`s labour in Carinthia was carried out predominantly on private premises, while men`s labour mainly took place in public. Under the influence of the increasing mechanisation the ideal of peasant work started to change in the late 20th century and it was then that a re-evaluation of this ideal began.&#13;</p> <p>As late as the second third of the 20th century women used to bear children until the end of their reproductive cycle and they did not practice family planning; the birth rate was correspondingly high. After the Second World War family planning made the birth rate drop. Every birth used to be accompanied by traditions, customs and beliefs, but the present-day narrators consider them to be obsolete. Their life stories mainly present the actual living conditions in relation to the work carried out by pregnant women, to giving birth at home with the assistance of members of the family and midwives, and to the infant mortality rate. The stories about birth-giving shed light on the typical mentality of the period, the views of women on life, and child bearing. The women did not engage in family planning or pregnancy prevention because every new life was sacred as it was given by God. Most women continued to bear children until the end of their reproductive cycle. The role of men at the time of the delivery was quite marginal until the 1950s and their only responsibility was to get a midwife. After the birth only few men helped in child care or in the household chores. These were usually carried out by the young mother`s mother, her adult daughters, relatives or neighbours.&#13;</p> <p>Women gave birth at home. Hospitals were too remote and in the case of normal births women also considered it unnecessary to go to a hospital. The postnatal rest period was determined economically and socially. Though midwives recommended eight days of bed rest after giving birth, this was something only women belonging to medium-size and large properties were able to observe. Other women used to get up again the second day after giving birth as they were irreplaceable for the everyday jobs. Women who had a difficult delivery or who gave birth to twins stayed in bed a few more days. The ideal of a strong, courageous, hardworking, and efficient peasant woman demanded that she gave birth at home and - as if on the side - performed all necessary jobs because she differed from the ideal housewife of the middle classes, who was supposed to be physically weak, passive, delicate and emotional.&#13;</p> <p>There was no sexual education in the true meaning of the concept, but there was religious education full of prohibitions and rules regarding chastity, purity, virginity and the like. Adults hid from their children their knowledge of sexuality, pregnancy and child bearing, and adolescents therefore got such information from their peers. Most girls were (kept) so ignorant that they were shocked by their first period and did not tell anybody about it, since even naming the phenomenon was deemed indecent. Most women had no knowledge of sanitary towels and most peasant and working class girls used cloths or pieces of torn sheets and washed them. The knowledge about health, reproduction and birth control was of key significance for motivation and for controlling the size of a family. Women acquired this kind of knowledge during their childhood, either from their parents or at school, during adolescence at work, and during their further education either at home or, after r marrying, from their husbands, friends, relatives, and doctors.&#13;</p> <p>The narrators felt that their sexual ignorance when they were young was wrong and harmful, but they also had scruples about today`s liberal education, cohabitation before marriage, the process of girls and women asserting themselves in social life, and the emancipation of children.&#13;</p> <p>Sexual education met with much more opposition than any other kind of education. It was influenced by economic factors, in particular the standard of living, social factors including schools, contacts with towns, and by spiritual factors which were however mainly connected with religion and the Church. The interaction of the body, society and an individual`s identity was based on cultural ideas, expectations and requirements, and much less a result of biological differences. The impact of the patriarchal, religion-based Carinthian society was such that it was very hard for women to achieve positions and opportunities that were self-evident to men. Socialisation as seen through sexual education remained traditional for a very long time into the latter half of the 20th century. The young women of Carinthia started to free themselves consciously from the constraints of a woman's traditional role as a social imperative as late as the mid 1970s.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_6"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/zgodbe-z-obrobja" title="Zgodbe z obrobja" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sat, 14 Feb 2009 23:55:06 +0000 admin 875 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Pripovedi iz izgnančinega fotoalbuma https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/pripovedi-iz-izgnancinega-fotoalbuma <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002">Etnolog 12 (2002)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/pripovedi-iz-izgnancinega-fotoalbuma">Pripovedi iz izgnančinega fotoalbuma</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Pripovedi iz izgnančinega fotoalbuma</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002">Etnolog 12 (2002)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">269-283</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Alenka Simikič</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Slovenia</span><span class="value">ethnology</span><span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">Second World War</span><span class="value">exiles</span><span class="value">memories</span><span class="value">photographs</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_12_Simikic_Pripovedi.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=1066410">0354-0316_12_Simikic_Pripovedi.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Using photographs from the album of Terezija Barkovič, née Novoselič, the article presents the memories of the 1941–1945 war years of three of her sisters and a brother The Novoselič family, consisting of father, mother, and eleven children lived in Nova vas near Mokrice and was exiled on November 1, 1941. They spent the first months of their exile in the Münchenberg, Templin, and Leutesdorf camps; towards the end of 1942 the entire family was sent to the property of the winegrower Adolf Schmidt in Nierstein on the Rhine, where they remained until the liberation.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_7"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-12-2002/pripovedi-iz-izgnancinega-fotoalbuma" title="Pripovedi iz izgnančinega fotoalbuma" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sat, 07 Feb 2009 23:55:11 +0000 admin 935 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Bili so izkoriščeni https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/bili-so-izkorisceni <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001">Etnolog 11 (2001)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/bili-so-izkorisceni">Bili so izkoriščeni</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Bili so izkoriščeni</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001">Etnolog 11 (2001)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">225-250</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Alenka Simikič</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Slovenia</span><span class="value">ethnology</span><span class="value">life stories</span><span class="value">Second World War</span><span class="value">exiles</span><span class="value">memories</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_11_simikic_bili.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=300999">0354-0316_11_simikic_bili.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>The article presents the memories of 1941-1945 war period as told by four people and is illustrated with documentary and pictorial material. The first story is that of Emil Hostnik from Gaj who lived through the war as an exile on the big property of a resettled Romanian German; the second one comprises a part of the life story of Veronika Hostnik, née Derganc, from Ponikve, who now lives in Gaj, and who exiled worked as a forced labourer in a bomber factory in Kassel. The third story is that of Tone Bukovinski, born in Koritno, who today lives in Velika Dolina. He was a prisoner of war in Germany and survived to see the end of the war as a Royal Guard in Belgrade. The fourth life story is that of Ludvik Kren, born in Stara cerkev in the Kočevje region, who was forced to settle in Cerklje ob Krki; during the war he was a teacher in Velika Dolina and his story is also that of the Kren family.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_8"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-11-2001/bili-so-izkorisceni" title="Bili so izkoriščeni" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sat, 07 Feb 2009 23:55:07 +0000 admin 889 at https://www.etno-muzej.si