Slovenski etnografski muzej - Etnolog 9/1 (1999) https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999 en Uvodna beseda https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/45941 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/45941">Uvodna beseda</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Uvodna beseda</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">011-014</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Nena Židov</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/zidov_uvodna.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=582665">zidov_uvodna.pdf</a></span></span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first last"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_1"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- if(window.da2a)da2a.script_load(); //--><!]]> </script></span></li> </ul> Fri, 20 May 2022 08:36:34 +0000 ajda 45941 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Slovanski ljudski koncepti smrti glede na lingvistična dejstva https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/753 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/753">Slovanski ljudski koncepti smrti glede na lingvistična dejstva</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Slovanski ljudski koncepti smrti glede na lingvistična dejstva</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">017-026</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Svetlana M. Tolstaya</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">umiranje</span><span class="value">umrla oseba</span><span class="value">duša</span><span class="value">pogrebne šege</span><span class="value">pot</span><span class="value">zemlja</span><span class="value">besednjak o smrti</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_tolstaya_slovanski.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=288100">0354-0316_09_1_tolstaya_slovanski.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Avtorica navaja nekaj temeljnih idej in semantičnih modelov, ki se kažejo v besednjaku in frazeologiji “o smrti” v slovanskih jezikih. 1. Koncept duše in interpretacija smrti kot “ločitev duše od telesa, njen odhod iz telesa” in podobne izraze je mogoče najti v izrazih (povezanih z umirajočo osebo) kot, na primer, “nekdo ima dušo v svojem nosu” (srbščina), “v zobeh” (bolgarščina) itd. 2. Eden najpomembnejših konceptov v “besedilu o smrti” je ideja poti, zato smrt opisuje tako veliko glagolov gibanja. Umirajoča oseba tako “gre narazen”, “leti”, “potuje”, “je na poti” itd. 3. Interpretacija smrti kot vrnitve na zemljo, ki je bila element in material za ustvarjenje človeka (primerjaj z Genezo), predstavlja semantično osnovo naslednjih izrazov: “iti v črno zemljo”, “iti pod črno zemljo”, “biti poročen s črno smrtjo”, “jesti zemljo” itd. 4. Naslednja ideja o smrti je koncept konca, sklenitev življenja, izčrpanje virov, življenjskih moči in pripadajočega časa. S tem v zvezi so povezani naslednji izrazi: “priti do konca”, “končati se”, “biti zunaj let”, “pojesti življenje nekoga” itd. 5. Krščanske koncepte smrti kot poti v novo življenje ali novo rojstvo lahko opazimo v izrazih, kot so, na primer, “rešiti se” v bolgarščini, roditi se, “da umreš” itd. 6. Včasih je zunanji simptom umiranja ali specifičnost pogrebne šege uporabljen kot izrazni motiv. Na primer “zaviti z očmi”, “dati roke skupaj”, “imeti ‘kolivo’ v ustih” itd.&nbsp;</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_2"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_en last"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/slavic-folk-conceptions-of-death-according-to-linguistic-data" title="Slavic Folk Conceptions of Death According to Linguistic Data" class="translation-link">Eng</a></li> </ul> Tue, 17 Feb 2009 23:54:57 +0000 admin 753 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Slavic Folk Conceptions of Death According to Linguistic Data https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/slavic-folk-conceptions-of-death-according-to-linguistic-data <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/slavic-folk-conceptions-of-death-according-to-linguistic-data">Slavic Folk Conceptions of Death According to Linguistic Data</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Slavic Folk Conceptions of Death According to Linguistic Data</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">017-026</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Svetlana M. Tolstaya</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">dying</span><span class="value">deseased person</span><span class="value">soul</span><span class="value">funeral rites</span><span class="value">route</span><span class="value">earth</span><span class="value">vocabulary of death</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_tolstaya_slovanski.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=288100">0354-0316_09_1_tolstaya_slovanski.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>There are some basic ideas and semantic models reflected by the vocabulary and the phraseology "of death" in the Slavic languages.<br /> 1. The concept of soul and the interpretation of death as a "separation of soul from body, going out of body, parting of soul with body" etc., can be seen in such expressions (related to a dying person) as (a) someone has his soul in his nose (Serbian), in his teeth (Bulgarian), in his nails (Bulgarian), in his bones (Serbian) etc.; (b) one's soul is going out, is flying away, is falling (dropping) from someone's body, is breaking of the body; someone is parting with his soul, is giving his soul to God, is gathering his soul, is fighting against his soul etc.; (c) God, an Angel, a Saint or Death is taking one's soul, is pulling one's soul out of body (by a knife, a scythe, a sabre), an Angel and a Devil are fighting for one's soul etc.<br /> 2. One of the most important concepts in the "text of death" is the idea of the way (route) and that is why there are so many verbs of movement in descriptions of death. A dying person is going apart, is going out, is flying, is going to travel, is looking at the road, is on the way; he may be called a traveller, a wayfarer (Bulgarian <em>pytnik</em>) etc. It is often said that someone is going home, it is time to go home, someone has gone to his eternal home, to his ancestors, to his dead relatives, to the woods, to the birches, to the brooms etc.<br /> 3. The interpretation of death as the return to the earth which was the element and the material for creating Human Being (cf. <em>The Book of Genesis</em>) forms the semantic basis of such expressions as to go to the black earth, to go under the black earth, to be married with the black earth, to eat earth, to puddle the clay etc. In Polesie it is said about old people: someone "smells of earth". The belief of sinful souls which have not been accepted by the earth is well known in East-Slavic tradition.<br /> 4. The next idea about death is the concept of the end, the completion of one's life, the "exhaustiveness" of the resources (lot), forces of life and assigned time. The following verbs and expressions can be mentioned here: "to come to the end", "to be over", "to drag someone's life down", "to go out of the years", "to eat someone's life" etc.<br /> 5. The Christian conception of death as a way to the new life or another birth can be noticed in such nominations as Bulgarian "to have been saved" (<em>spasi se</em>), to be born "to die", Russian (oldbelievers) to change 'to die'.<br /> 6. Sometimes an external (outward) symptom of dying or a peculiarity of the funeral rite serves as a motive of the nomination, e.g., to roll the eyes, to put hands together, to have "kolivo" in one's mouth etc.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_3"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/slovanski-ljudski-koncepti-smrti-glede-na-lingvisticna-dejstva" title="Slovanski ljudski koncepti smrti glede na lingvistična dejstva" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Tue, 17 Feb 2009 23:54:57 +0000 admin 752 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Nasilna smrt v južnoslovanski otroški folklori https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/755 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/755">Nasilna smrt v južnoslovanski otroški folklori</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Nasilna smrt v južnoslovanski otroški folklori</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">027-037</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Biljana Sikimić</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">folklora</span><span class="value">južni Slovani</span><span class="value">smrt</span><span class="value">otroštvo</span><span class="value">žrtev</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_sikimic_nasilna.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=180294">0354-0316_09_1_sikimic_nasilna.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Prisotnost motiva nasilne smrti v določenih otroških folkornih besedilih lahko predvideva magični izvor besedila samega. Dokazi za to predpostavko so otroška prekletstva in zaklinjanja, kjer je smrt ena glavnih dogajanj. Primer za to je norčevanje iz pripadnikov drugih narodnosti (Vlahov, Latinov, Ciganov itd.): “Ti, Latin z repom, jutri boš umrl.” V nekem zaklinjanju, na drugi strani, najdemo tudi tipično grožnjo živali iz otroške folklore: v pesmi, ki jo pojejo polžu, temu ukazujejo, naj pokaže svoje roge: “Polž, pokaži roge, če jih ne boš pokazal, te bom ubil s sekiro na zeleni trati!” Ni potrebno dokazovati, da so tudi pesmi pestunj besedila magičnega izvora, nasilna smrt pa je motiv, ki ga najdemo pogosto tudi v drugih besedilih odraslih, ko se igrajo z otroki. To velja za sledeči motiv iz srbske oziroma hrvaške pesmi: “List se je zvrnil, starka je ponorela in pobila vse otroke”, kjer lahko starko razumemo kot eno izmed otroških demonov. Verz “Volkovi bodo ubili mati na polju”, ki mu sledi prošnja volku, naj tega ne stori (ker je mati dobra in bo dala svojemu detetu mleko), je drugačen. Pomembno je, da je perspektiva ubijanja samo grožnja, tako kot je to vidno v drugih otroških besedilih magičnega izvora. Smrt živali ima popolnoma drugačen status in velja za naravno dejanje, celo za smešno dejanje (npr. “Ko so ubili gos, so vsi otroci jokali, ko pa so jo pojedli, so bili vsi veseli.”). “Naravne” smrti kot opozicije “nasilni” smrti v južnoslovanski otroški folklori ne najdemo. V južnoslovanskih jezikih je nasilna smrt najpogosteje izražena z besedama “zaklati” in “zadaviti”.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_4"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_en last"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/violent-death-in-south-slavic-childrens-folklore" title="Violent Death in South Slavic Children&#039;s Folklore" class="translation-link">Eng</a></li> </ul> Mon, 16 Feb 2009 23:54:57 +0000 admin 755 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Violent Death in South Slavic Children's Folklore https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/violent-death-in-south-slavic-childrens-folklore <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/violent-death-in-south-slavic-childrens-folklore">Violent Death in South Slavic Children&#039;s Folklore</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Violent Death in South Slavic Children&#039;s Folklore</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">027-037</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Biljana Sikimić</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">folklore</span><span class="value">South Slavs</span><span class="value">death</span><span class="value">childhood</span><span class="value">victim</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_sikimic_nasilna.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=180294">0354-0316_09_1_sikimic_nasilna.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Presence of the violent death motif in specific children's folklore texts can suggest the magic origin of the text itself. The evidences for this supposition are children's curses and children's incantations where death threat is one of the typical procedures. The good example for this is mockery of other nationality members (<em>Vlah</em>, Latin, Gypsy, e.g.,: "You, Latin, with a tail, you will die tomorrow"). In an incantation rhyme, on the other hand, threatening to an animal is also typical of children folklore, e.g., in the text sung to a snail with an order to take out its horns: "You, snail, take out your horns, if you do not take them out, I will kill you with an axe on the green grass".There is no need proving that nursery rhymes are texts of magic origin, but the violent death motif is frequently found in other texts used by adults playing with children. This is true to the following motif from a Serbian-Croatian song: "The leaf/lap broke, the old woman went crazy, and killed all the children", where the old woman can be explained as one of the children's demons. The rhyme, "The wolfs will kill the mother in the field," followed by the prayer to a wolf not to kill the mother (for she is good, and she will give her baby milk) is different. It is important that perspective of killing is just a threat, as is a case in other children's texts of magic origin.<br /> The death of an animal has a completely different status and it is rendered a natural act, even funny (e.g., "When they killed the goose, all the children cried, but after we ate it, we were all happy"). The "natural" death, as opposed to a "violent" one, is not found in the South Slavic children's folklore.<br /> In the South Slavic languages violent death is most frequently expressed with the verbs "to slaughter" and "to strangle".</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_5"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/nasilna-smrt-v-juznoslovanski-otroski-folklori" title="Nasilna smrt v južnoslovanski otroški folklori" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Mon, 16 Feb 2009 23:54:57 +0000 admin 754 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Motiv smrti v srbskem in hrvaškem ljudskem pripovedništvu https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/760 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/760">Motiv smrti v srbskem in hrvaškem ljudskem pripovedništvu</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Motiv smrti v srbskem in hrvaškem ljudskem pripovedništvu</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">039-043</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Yekaterina Yakushkina</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">ljudsko pripovedništvo</span><span class="value">Srbi</span><span class="value">Hrvati</span><span class="value">smrt</span><span class="value">usoda</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_yakushkina_motiv.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=126799">0354-0316_09_1_yakushkina_motiv.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Iz ljudske kulture je razvidno, da je smrt glavni dogodek v človekovi usodi. Določanje časa in okoliščin smrti je eden najpomembnejših (skupaj s poroko) aspektov obsodbe, ki jo izvajajo sojenice, demoni usode pri južnih Slovanih. Pojmovanje človeške usode je pogosto sinonim za pojmovanje smrti (sudjen dan = smrt, določen dan = smrt). Podobno imajo ljudje tudi demone, ki določajo človeško usodo, za demone smrti. Ti najpogosteje določijo nenaravno smrt, kot na primer, da se bo oseba utopila. Ne le, da predvidijo okoliščine smrti, temveč jo tudi povzročijo s tem, da obsodbo izgovorijo. Magična moč njihovih besed povzroči smrt (določiti usodo nekoga = izvajati “smrtno obsodbo” = ubiti). Že dejstvo, da jim ljudje niso žrtvovali, včasih zadostuje, da se odločijo “ubiti” neko osebo. Iz primerov moralnih ljudskih zgodb je razvidno, da bo oseba, ki ne verjame v magičnost obsodb demonov, ušla napovedani smrti. Ne glede na to je glavna misel vseh ljudskih zgodb o človeški usodi, da je obsodba (smrt) neogibna, navkljub vsem poskusom, da bi jo preprečili. Oseba lahko živi dlje, kot je bilo določeno le, če ji nekdo podari del svojega življenja, da se tako ohranja “uravnoteženost”. Na ta način je določanje smrti pravzaprav omogočanje ustreznega življenja in skupni seštevek ostaja konstanten.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_6"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_en last"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/the-motif-of-death-in-serbian-and-croatian-folk-narrative" title="The Motif of Death in Serbian and Croatian Folk Narrative" class="translation-link">Eng</a></li> </ul> Sun, 15 Feb 2009 23:54:58 +0000 admin 760 at https://www.etno-muzej.si The Motif of Death in Serbian and Croatian Folk Narrative https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/the-motif-of-death-in-serbian-and-croatian-folk-narrative <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/the-motif-of-death-in-serbian-and-croatian-folk-narrative">The Motif of Death in Serbian and Croatian Folk Narrative</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>The Motif of Death in Serbian and Croatian Folk Narrative</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">039-043</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Yekaterina Yakushkina</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">folk tales</span><span class="value">Serbs</span><span class="value">Croats</span><span class="value">death</span><span class="value">fate</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_yakushkina_motiv.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=126799">0354-0316_09_1_yakushkina_motiv.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>My paper is dedicated to the issue of the predetermination of death in Serbian and Croatian folk narratives about peopleís fate. This body of texts consist of stories in which demons - <em>suðenice</em> ("roðenice") and angels - act who predetermine manís fate. Folk stories about a fixed death are non-fantasy and most of them are close to the genre of Saga. These stories are not equally common in all parts of Serbia and Croatia, and we should emphasise that they are less common than the belief in the <em>suðenice</em>. As an area where these stories have been preserved we can single out East Serbia: Kosovo, Kruševac, Levač (material gathered in the early 20th century), Takovo (mid-20th century), Požarevac, Niš (material gathered in the early 1970s for an ethnographic atlas of Yugoslavia), Leskovac (1980s). The Croatian stories originate from Varaždin (late 19th century), Samobor (early 20th century), Dugo Selo and Ðakovo (1920s and 30s).</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_7"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/motiv-smrti-v-srbskem-in-hrvaskem-ljudskem-pripovednistvu" title="Motiv smrti v srbskem in hrvaškem ljudskem pripovedništvu" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sun, 15 Feb 2009 23:54:58 +0000 admin 759 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Koncepta "dobre" in "slabe" smrti v verovanjih Slovanov https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/762 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/762">Koncepta &quot;dobre&quot; in &quot;slabe&quot; smrti v verovanjih Slovanov</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Koncepta &quot;dobre&quot; in &quot;slabe&quot; smrti v verovanjih Slovanov</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">045-049</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Lyudmila Vinogradova</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">smrt</span><span class="value">pogrebne šege</span><span class="value">mitologija</span><span class="value">umrli</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_vinogradova_koncepta.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=219039">0354-0316_09_1_vinogradova_koncepta.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Ljudske opredelitve “dobre” in “slabe” smrti so povezane z opozicijo naravne in nasilne smrti. To idejo lahko zasledimo že v prvotnem slovanskem korenu *- mürtü ‘uničiti’ in predponi *sú- ‘sebstvo’, ‘dobro’. V ljudski kulturi so bile cenjene želje po dobri smrti. Po ljudskih verovanjih dobra smrt pomeni: umreti naravne smrti, ob primernem času, na primernem prostoru in v družbi bližnjih sorodnikov. Tiste, ki so umrli “dobre” smrti, so imeli za častitljive prednike - v nasprotju s tistimi, ki so umrli “slabe” smrti. Slednji se ne morejo preseliti na drugi svet in postanejo škodljiva demonična bitja. Ljudje so poskušali nevtralizirati usodne posledice “slabe” smrti s posebnimi obredi. Glavni obred je bil poskus umrlemu zagotoviti njegov delež zemeljskih blagoslovov (hrano, obleko, simbolično pokristjanjevanje, simbolično poroko itd.). Praznoverje o “umrlem, ki hodi” je najbolj stalen del slovanske mitologije.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_8"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_en last"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/notions-of-good-and-bad-death-in-the-system-of-slavic-beliefs" title="Notions of &quot;Good&quot; and &quot;Bad&quot; Death in the System of Slavic Beliefs" class="translation-link">Eng</a></li> </ul> Sat, 14 Feb 2009 23:54:58 +0000 admin 762 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Notions of "Good" and "Bad" Death in the System of Slavic Beliefs https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/notions-of-good-and-bad-death-in-the-system-of-slavic-beliefs <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/notions-of-good-and-bad-death-in-the-system-of-slavic-beliefs">Notions of &quot;Good&quot; and &quot;Bad&quot; Death in the System of Slavic Beliefs</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Notions of &quot;Good&quot; and &quot;Bad&quot; Death in the System of Slavic Beliefs</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">045-049</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Lyudmila Vinogradova</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">death</span><span class="value">funeral rites</span><span class="value">mythology</span><span class="value">deceased</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_vinogradova_koncepta.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=219039">0354-0316_09_1_vinogradova_koncepta.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Popular definition of «good» and «bad» death is connected with the opposition between the natural and violent death. This idea may be noted on the proto-Slavonic root *- <em>mьrtь</em> ‘destroy’ and the prefix *<em>sъ</em>- ‘self’, ‘good’. Wishes of «good» death were appreciated in traditional culture as well as wishes of a harvest or house prosperity. According to people's beliefs, the “good” death means: to die by natural «self»-death, in a proper “self”-time, on the “self”-place and among near relations. The dead who died of "good" death were considered as honourable ancestors, in contrast to the dead who died of ”bad” death. The latter could not cross to the next world and became harmful demonic beings.People tried to neutralise fatal consequences of the “bad” death with special ritual actions. The principal one was striving to provide the deceased with his/her full share of the earthly blessings (food, clothes, symbolic christening, symbolic wedding and so on). Such superstition about the «walking deceased» (“ходячий покойник”) proves to be the most steady part of Slavic mythology. </p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_9"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_sl last"><a href="/sl/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/koncepta-dobre-in-slabe-smrti-v-verovanjih-slovanov" title="Koncepta &quot;dobre&quot; in &quot;slabe&quot; smrti v verovanjih Slovanov" class="translation-link">Slv</a></li> </ul> Sat, 14 Feb 2009 23:54:58 +0000 admin 761 at https://www.etno-muzej.si Razprava o "drugem svetu". "Naši" konceptualni modeli" in "moje" človeške izkušnje https://www.etno-muzej.si/en/node/764 <div class="field field-name-node-crumbs field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation"><ol class="crumbs"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog">Etnolog</a></li><li><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></li><li><a href="/en/node/764">Razprava o &quot;drugem svetu&quot;. &quot;Naši&quot; konceptualni modeli&quot; in &quot;moje&quot; človeške izkušnje</a></li></ol></nav></span></div> <div class="field field-name-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><h1>Razprava o &quot;drugem svetu&quot;. &quot;Naši&quot; konceptualni modeli&quot; in &quot;moje&quot; človeške izkušnje</h1></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-issue field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Številka revije&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999">Etnolog 9/1 (1999)</a></span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-pages field-type-text field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Strani&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">051-061</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-author field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Avtor&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">Iveta Todorova-Pirgova</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-keywords field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Ključne besede&nbsp;</div> <span class="value">verovanja</span><span class="value">&quot;drugi svet&quot;</span><span class="value">čudeži</span><span class="value">zgodbe</span><span class="value">izkušnje</span></div> <div class="field field-name-field-etnolog-article-pdf field-type-file field-label-above"> <div class="label-above" >Članek v pdf obliki&nbsp;</div> <span class="value"><span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="//www.etno-muzej.si/files/etnolog/pdf/0354-0316_09_1_todorova_pirgova_razprava.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=203233">0354-0316_09_1_todorova_pirgova_razprava.pdf</a></span></span></div> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"> <span class="value"><p>Avtorica bo v članku pisala o “drugem svetu” iz dveh zornih kotov. Prvi zorni kot se nanaša na skupno dojemanje (v lokalni skupnosti) in pojmovanje prostora, strukture in prebivalcev “drugega sveta”, kot tudi na odnose med njegovimi prebivalci in tistimi iz “našega sveta”. Pogled iz drugega zornega kota se bo prav tako nanašal na iste ideje, vendar iz osebnega vidika. V drugem delu članka bo avtorica analizirala nekatere biografske zgodbe, ki govorijo o srečanjih z “drugo stranjo”. Interpretirala bo primere dveh vrst takšnih zgodb: a) zgodb o poti na “drugi svet” v budnosti in spanju; b) zgodb o sanjah, kjer nekdo iz “drugega sveta” pride povedat, kaj je tam videl. Očitno je, da človeška bitja želijo reproducirati stare ideje in podobe, da bi humanizirala prostorske strukture in jih približala svojemu načinu dojemanja in čustvom. Na ta način osmišljajo prostor. “Senzibilen prostor” je lahko vtisnjen v specifične kulturne fenomene in je lahko povezan z osebno usodo.</p> </span></div> <ul class="links inline"><li class="addtoany first"><span><span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_target addtoany_list" id="da2a_10"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/etnografski_muzej/"></a> </span> </span></li> <li class="translation_en last"><a href="/en/etnolog/etnolog-91-1999/talking-about-the-other-world-our-conceptual-models-and-my-human-experiance" title="Talking about the &quot;Other World&quot;. &quot;Our&quot; Conceptual Models and &quot;My&quot; Human Experiance" class="translation-link">Eng</a></li> </ul> Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:54:58 +0000 admin 764 at https://www.etno-muzej.si